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First Term

PAPER 2: 20TH CENTURY WORLD HISTORY

Essential Understanding:

On one hand, we will explore the characteristics of the authoritarian states in the 20th century. On the other hand, there is a necessity to pinpointed an importance of getting a fix on causes, practices and consequences of the 20th century wars and their types, namely:

  • hegemonic war

  • total war

  • limited war

  • civil war

  • guerilla war

Paper 2: 20th Century World History: Courses

KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS ENLISTED

Topics under investigation - Egypt - Nasser; Iraq - Saddam Hussein; Spain - Franco; Poland - Piłsudski: explore "the emergence, consolidation and maintenance of power, including the impact of the leaders’ policies, both domestic and foreign, upon the maintenance of power. Examination questions for this topic will expect students to make reference to specific authoritarian states in their responses, and some examination questions will require discussion of states from more than one region of the world. In order for students to be able to make meaningful comparisons across all aspects of the prescribed content, it is recommended that a minimum of three authoritarian states should be studied." (History Subject Guide, p.34).

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Topics under investigation: - Falklands/Malvinas War (1982); Indo-Pakistan War (1947-1949 and/or 1965 and or 1971); the Balkan Wars (1990s); First World War (1914-1918): explore "the causes of wars, as well as the way in which warfare was conducted, including types of war, the use often technology, and the impact these factors had upon the outcome. Examination questions for this topic will require students to make reference to specific 20th-century wars in their responses, and some examination questions will require discussion of wars from more than one region of the world. Please note that the suggested examples for this topic include “cross-regional” wars such as the First and Second World Wars. Inexamination questions that ask students to discuss examples of wars from different regions, students may use these wars in a regional context (for example, the Second World War in the Pacific) but may not then use the same war in a different region (for example, the Second World War in Europe) in the same response." (History Subject Guide, p. 35).

Paper 2: 20th Century World History: About Me
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ON AUTHORITARIAN AND SINGLE PARTY STATES

The characteristics of the authoritarian states in the 20th century, according to Encyclopedia Britannica: "Authoritarianism thus stands in fundamental contrast to democracy. It also differs from totalitarianism, however, since authoritarian governments usually have no highly developed guiding ideology, tolerate some pluralism in social organization, lack the power to mobilize the entire population in pursuit of national goals, and exercise that power within relatively predictable limits. Examples of authoritarian regimes, according to some scholars, include the pro-Western military dictatorships that existed in Latin America and elsewhere in the second half of the 20th century."

POSSIBLE AREAS TO DEVELOP

  1. emergence of authoritarian states in Egypt - Nasser; Iraq - Saddam Hussein; Spain - Franco; Poland - Piłsudski

  2. consolidation and maintenance of authoritarian power in Egypt - Nasser; Iraq - Saddam Hussein; Spain - Franco; Poland - Piłsudski

  3. aims and results of policies in Egypt - Nasser; Iraq - Saddam Hussein; Spain - Franco; Poland - Piłsudski

CONCEPT-BASED QUESTIONS

1. What were possible causes plus circumstances which did have a tremendous impact on society and its desires to follow any authoritarian and single party state regime?

2. What consequences in particular did any authoritarian and single party state suffer in the international relations from?

3. What was perspective of any given authoritarian and single party state on the nation, private property, the Treaty of Versailles, the resistance and opposition likewise?

4. How any given authoritarian and single party state leader did continue on a groundbreaking work in order to consolidate a power and by doing what precisely? 

5. What was significant in authoritarian and single party states emergence?

6. How any given country might have changed plus in which areas thanks to the authoritarian policies?

FOUNDATIONAL FINDINGS

To what extent authoritarian and totalitarian countries are similar and differ from each other?

Paper 2: 20th Century World History: Courses
Engineering Sketch

ON CAUSES, PRACTICES AND EFFECTS OF WAR IN THE 20TH CENTURY

Paper 2: 20th Century World History: Courses

POSSIBLE AREAS TO DEVELOP

  1. the Falklands/Malvinas War (1982);

  2. the Indo-Pakistan War (1947-1949 and/or 1965 and or 1971);

  3. the Balkan Wars (1990s);

  4. the First World War (1914-1918);

  5. the Second World War (1939-1945)

  6. the Spanish Civil War

  7. the Chinese Civil War

  8. the Iran-Iraq War

  9. the Polish-Bolshevik War

CONCEPT-BASED QUESTIONS

1. What were the main long- and short-term plus economic, political, ideological, social, cultural as well as territorial causes of any given war?

2. What were the main economic, political, ideological, social, cultural as well as territorial consequences of any given war?

3. What was perspective of any given country in using particular tactics, technology and other specific solutions to circumstances in a given war?

4. How any given state did continue on having a bilateral relations with another country that was attacked by it? 

5. What was significant in the mobilisation of human and economic resources as well as foreign intervention (if applicable)?

6. How any given country might have changed itself on a battlefield thanks to use of a particular technology?

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Based on: Wells, Mike, and Nick Fellows. History for the IB Diploma. Paper 2: Causes and Effects of 20th Century Wars. 2nd ed., Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2016.

FOUNDATIONAL FINDINGS

TYPES OF WAR


  • Hegemonic War is a war over control of the entire world.

  • Total war is warfare by one state and its goal is to conquer entirely the other one.

  • Limited war is a war in which military objectives are fulfilled within a certain amount of time thanks to occupation of the enemy or its surrender.

  • Civil war is a war within one state and between two factions.

  • Guerrilla war is a war without front lines because of its practices - attack from the hidden place, soldiers are protected by population on the given area.

  • Practices of war that have impact on the outcome might have taken place in more than one place, so in the air, on the sea, on the land.

Education Books Bookshelfs

SOURCES

From Teacher to Student

I. Authoritarian and single party states.

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Books

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Websites


II. Causes and Effects of 20th Century Wars.

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Books

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Websites

  • Clarke, Ruth. “DP History.” Share.nanjing-School, WordPress, share.nanjing-school.com/dphistory/imperial-russia-1853-1905/. Accessed 6 July 2017. This website was created by the IB History teacher Ruth in Nanjing and she has already covered not only Paper 3 topic of our interest, but also Paper 1 and both Paper 2 subjects. Please check it out.

  • Jones-Nerzic, Richard. “DP History at La Côte.” Internationalschoolhistory, International School History - International Baccalaureate - DP1 History, 24 May 2017, www.internationalschoolhistory.net/IB/lacote/dp1_t2.htm. Accessed 6 July 2017. Personally, I am a huge fan of Richard as a history teacher. Please use his website to revise and while fishing for relevant information during our classes.

Paper 2: 20th Century World History: About
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