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First term

PAPER 1: THE MOVE TO GLOBAL WAR

Essential Understanding:

In September 1940 Imperial Japan signed the Tripartite Pact with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. This alliance gave Japanese leaders the security they needed to expand their 'limes' for an East Asia. Their desires brought them into open war with the United States, a clash that changed into combat with the attack on Pearl Harbor (USA) in December 1941.

Paper 1: The Move to Global War: Courses
Education Books Bookshelfs

KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS ENLISTED

  • describe the impact of Japanese nationalism and militarism on foreign policy likewise impact of fascism and Nazism on the foreign policies of Italy and Germany

  • enlisting political and economic issues likewise showing understanding of impact on foreign relations likewise impact of domestic economic issues on the foreign policies of Italy and Germany

  • demonstrating knowledge and understanding of political instability in China likewise situation in Europe, namely changing diplomatic alignments in Europe; the end of collective security; appeasement

  • locating in time and space Japanese invasion of Manchuria and northern China (1931); Sino-Japanese War (1937–1941); the Three Power/Tripartite Pact; the outbreak of war; Pearl Harbor (1941); German challenges to the post-war settlements (1933–1938); Italian expansion: Abyssinia (1935–1936); Albania; entry into the Second World War; German expansion (1938–1939); Pact of Steel, Nazi–Soviet Pact and the outbreak of war

  • demonstrating knowledge and understanding of political developments within China - the Second United Front likewise in Europe, namely international response to German (1933-1938), Italian (1935-1936) as well as German and Italian (1940) agression

  • analyze and evaluate nternational response, including US initiatives and increasing tensions between the USA and Japan

Paper 1: The Move to Global War: About

JAPANESE SUPERPOWER

Expansionism to the East

CHRONOLOGY

1931-1941

​Ultra-nationalism and war

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  • Late 1920s - Extreme nationalism begins to take hold in Japan as world economic depression hits. The emphasis is on a preservation of traditional Japanese values, and a rejection of "Western" influence. 

  • 1931 - Japanese army invades Chinese province of Manchuria, installs puppet regime.

  • 1932 - Prime Minister Inukai Tsuyoshi killed during failed coup by nationalist army officers. Military holds increasing influence in the country. 

  • 1936 - Japan signs alliance with Nazi Germany. 

  • 1937 - Japan goes to war with China, capturing Shanghai, Beijing and Nanjing amid atrocities like the "Rape of Nanjing", in which up to 300,000 Chinese civilians were killed. 

  • 1939 - Outbreak of Second World War in Europe. With fall of France in 1940, Japan moves to occupy French Indo-China. 

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Attack on Pearl Harbor

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  • 1941 - Japan launches a surprise attack on US Pacific fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. US and main allies declare war on Japan. 

  • 1942 - Japan occupies succession of countries, including Philippines, Dutch East Indies, Burma and Malaya. In June, US aircraft carriers defeat the Japanese at the Battle of Midway. The US begins a strategy of "'island-hopping", cutting the Japanese support lines as its forces advance. 

  • 1944 - US forces are near enough to Japan to start bombing raids on Japanese cities. 

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Hiroshima survivors keep memories alive

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  • 1945: US drops atomic bomb on Hiroshima

  • 1945: Atom bomb hits Nagasaki

  • 1945 - US planes drop two atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August. Emperor Hirohito surrenders and relinquishes divine status. Japan placed under US military government. All Japanese military and naval forces disbanded. 

  • 1947 - New constitution comes into force, establishes parliamentary system with all adults eligible to vote. Japan renounces war and pledges not to maintain land, sea or air forces for that purpose. Emperor granted ceremonial status. 

  • 1951 - Japan signs peace treaty with US and other nations. To this day, there is no peace treaty with Russia, as the legal successor to the Soviet Union.

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Edited and taken from: BBC.com.

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INQUIRY

based on the IB Six Concepts

  1. To what extent the significance of nationalism and militarism did shape Japanese foreign policy?

  2. What was the cause of Chinese political instability?

  3. How did Japan continue on dealing with foreign policies due to domestic issues?

  4. How would you describe Japanese perspective and its evolution taking a closer look on the following events: Manchuria (1931-36); the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937-41) and finally offence on Pearl Harbour (1941)?

  5. In which political aspects observer might have noticed a change in China after 1936?

  6. What consequences did face Japan from the League of Nations and its neighbour countries including transatlantic region?    

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Based on: Todd, Allan. History for the IB Diploma. Paper 1: The Move to Global War . Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2015.

SOURCES

MLA style

Books

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Websites

  • Clarke, Ruth. “DP History.” Share.nanjing-School, WordPress, share.nanjing-school.com/dphistory/imperial-russia-1853-1905/. Accessed 6 July 2017. This website was created by the IB History teacher Ruth in Nanjing and she has already covered not only Paper 3 topic of our interest, but also Paper 1 and both Paper 2 subjects. Please check it out.

  • Jones-Nerzic, Richard. “DP History at La Côte.” Internationalschoolhistory, International School History - International Baccalaureate - DP1 History, 24 May 2017, www.internationalschoolhistory.net/IB/lacote/dp1_t2.htm. Accessed 6 July 2017. Personally, I am a huge fan of Richard as a history teacher. Please use his website to revise and while fishing for relevant information during our classes.  

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Paper 1: The Move to Global War: News

GERMAN SUPERPOWER

Expansionism to the East

Paper 1: The Move to Global War: News

CHRONOLOGY

1933-1940

  • On January 30, 1933, President Paul von Hindenburg appointed Hitler Chancellor.

  • On February 27, 1933, the Reichstag building went up in flames.

  • Within months of Hitler's appointment as Chancellor, the Dachau  concentration camp was created.

  • As part of a policy of internal coordination, the Nazis created Special Courts to punish political dissent.

  • Nazi antisemitic legislation and propaganda against "Non-Aryans" was a thinly disguised attack against anyone who had Jewish parents or grandparents. Jews felt increasingly isolated from the rest of German society.

  • The SA (Sturmabteilung) had been instrumental in Hitler's rise to power. In early 1934, there were 2.5 million SA men compared with 100,000 men in the regular army. Hitler knew that the regular army opposed the SA becoming its core. Fearing the power of the regular army to force him from office, Hitler curried their favor by attacking the leadership of the SA in the "Night of the Long Knives." Hitler arrested Ernst Röhm and scores of other SA leaders and had them shot by the SS , which now rose in importance.

  • On August 2, 1934, President Hindenburg died. Hitler combined the offices of Reich Chancellor and President, declaring himself Führer  and Reich Chancellor, or Reichsführer  (Leader of the Reich).

  • Hitler announced the Nuremberg Laws in 1935.

  • In 1936, Berlin hosted the Olympics. Hitler viewed this as a perfect opportunity to promote a favorable image of Nazism to the world. Monumental stadiums and other Olympic facilities were constructed as Nazi showpieces. Leni Riefenstahl  was commissioned to create a film, Olympia, for the purpose of Nazi propaganda. Some have called her previous film in 1935, Triumph of the Will, one of the great propaganda pieces of the century. In it, she portrayed Hitler as a god.

  • In March 1938, as part of Hitler's quest for uniting all German-speaking people and for Lebensraum, Germany took over Austria without bloodshed.

  • In September 1938, Hitler eyed the northwestern area of Czechoslovakia, called the Sudetenland  , which had three million German-speaking citizens.

  • On September 1, 1939, Hitler invaded Poland, officially starting World War II.

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Edited and taken from: Florida Center for Instructional Technology,
College of Education, University of South Florida website A Teacher's Guide to the Holocaust

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INQUIRY

based on the IB Six Concepts

  1. What were the causes of the collective security failure before the Second World War?

  2. What were the consequences of the Nazi ideology implementation on German foreign policies as well as economy issues?

  3. What was the Nazi German perspective on the Treaty of Versailles plus Europe between 1933 and 1938?

  4. How did the Nazi Germany continue on their both domestic and foreign policies between 1938 and 1939?

  5. What was significant in the Nazi German relationships with the League of Nations and European countries between 1933 and 1938?

  6. How did the international response change towards Nazis and Fascist Italy in 1939? 

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Based on: Todd, Allan. History for the IB Diploma. Paper 1: The Move to Global War . Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2015.

SOURCES

MLA style

Books

​

Websites

  • Clarke, Ruth. “DP History.” Share.nanjing-School, WordPress, share.nanjing-school.com/dphistory/imperial-russia-1853-1905/. Accessed 6 July 2017. This website was created by the IB History teacher Ruth in Nanjing and she has already covered not only Paper 3 topic of our interest, but also Paper 1 and both Paper 2 subjects. Please check it out.

  • Jones-Nerzic, Richard. “DP History at La Côte.” Internationalschoolhistory, International School History - International Baccalaureate - DP1 History, 24 May 2017, www.internationalschoolhistory.net/IB/lacote/dp1_t2.htm. Accessed 6 July 2017. Personally, I am a huge fan of Richard as a history teacher. Please use his website to revise and while fishing for relevant information during our classes.

ITALIAN SUPERPOWER

Fascist Ally

Paper 1: The Move to Global War: News

CHRONOLOGY

1933-1940

Establishment and Consolidation of the Fascist State

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  • 1933: IRI set up

  • 1935, Oct.: Invasion of Abyssinia

  • 1936 Jul.: Italy with Germany intervenes in the Spanish Civil War

  • 1936 Oct.: Rome-Berlin Axis formed

  • 1937: Membership of GIL made compulsory

  • 1938 Jul.: Charter of Race drawn up

  • 1938 Sep.-Nov.: Racial laws and decrees carried out

  • 1939 Jan.: Chamber of Fasci and Corporations replaces Chamber of Deputies

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Edited and taken from: Todd, Allan, et al. History for the IB Diploma. Paper 3: European States in the Interwar Years (1918-1939). 2nd ed., Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2016, p. 81.

​

INQUIRY

based on the IB Six Concepts

  1. What were the causes of the collective security failure before the Second World War?

  2. What were the consequences of the Fascist ideology implementation on Italian foreign policies as well as economy issues?

  3. What was the Fascist Italian perspective on the Treaty of Versailles plus Europe between 1933 and 1938?

  4. How did the Fascist Italy continue on their both domestic and foreign policies between 1938 and 1939?

  5. What was significant in the Fascist Italy relationships with the League of Nations and European countries between 1933 and 1938?

  6. How did the international response change towards Nazis and Fascist Italy in 1939? 

​

Based on: Todd, Allan. History for the IB Diploma. Paper 1: The Move to Global War . Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2015.

SOURCES

MLA style

Books

​

Websites

  • Clarke, Ruth. “DP History.” Share.nanjing-School, WordPress, share.nanjing-school.com/dphistory/imperial-russia-1853-1905/. Accessed 6 July 2017. This website was created by the IB History teacher Ruth in Nanjing and she has already covered not only Paper 3 topic of our interest, but also Paper 1 and both Paper 2 subjects. Please check it out.

  • Jones-Nerzic, Richard. “DP History at La Côte.” Internationalschoolhistory, International School History - International Baccalaureate - DP1 History, 24 May 2017, www.internationalschoolhistory.net/IB/lacote/dp1_t2.htm. Accessed 6 July 2017. Personally, I am a huge fan of Richard as a history teacher. Please use his website to revise and while fishing for relevant information during our classes.

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